Engineering a bivalent nanoparticle vaccine with PCV2 capsid protein and PRRSV epitopes.

Coinfection with multiple viruses is a common occurrence in the pig industry. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are two significant pathogens, with a notable prevalence of their coinfection observed in clinical settings. However, reports on corresponding combination vaccines against PRRSV and PCV2 are scarce. The capsid (Cap) protein encoded by PCV2 is highly immunogenic, and recombinant Cap expressed in vitro can self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), providing a promising strategy for developing bivalent vaccines against both PRRSV and PCV2.