Evaluation of the effectiveness of cerium nanoparticles as a potential adjuvant in veterinary rabies vaccine.

Rabies remains a major public health and veterinary concern worldwide, underscoring the need for improved vaccine immunogenicity. Nanomaterials are being looked at for their role in shaping early immune reactions, along with boosting targeted responses to antigens. In this work, particles made of cerium were tested as possible helpers in a vet-approved dead rabies vaccine using mice. Using a method that formed cerium oxide nanoparticles, scientists checked how they looked and behaved. These tiny particles were tested to understand their makeup plus shape.