Multivalent fowl Adenovirus-Newcastle disease vaccine: comprehensive evaluation in SPF and commercial broiler breeders.

07 Feb 2026
Yahia N, Abdelhalim A, Mahmoud SH, Bazid A, Kumar R, Aljassas H, Alhnout M, Alhassan D, Hussien HA, Eid S, Khalil AA
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and Newcastle disease (ND) impose substantial economic burdens on global poultry production, with combined annual losses exceeding $3 billion worldwide. Current vaccination strategies requiring separate immunizations increase handling stress and operational costs.